Ethical Issues in the Non

A non profit institution can simply be defined as an organization that is not after making money but after improving the quality of the human life. Obviously, to achieve this, these organizations have to spend money which has been donated. That has brought some series of challenges that would not have otherwise been present, in a profit making firm. Unlike profit oriented organizations, where they balance their cash books at the end of the year, non-profit organizations have to check each and every aspect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is quite a load of work, considering that the organizations are funded by donors who often demand to know how their money is spent. On top of that, monetary policies in non-profit organizations are ever changing. For example, nowadays they are required to consider decrease in value of fixed prope rty (Solnik, 2002 ). One of the common ethical codes in non profit organizations is that, no single person is supposed to profit from the institution. That means for these organizations to continue running, they have to depend on volunteers and donations. People are supposed to offer their services or commodity to the organization for free. In one way or the other, that goes against human nature. Not adhering to this principle, of free giving, has resulted to the once too often non ethical cases. Workers in the non-profit organizations are supposed to be honest. Honesty is usually easier said than observed. It is impossible to measure how honest a manager is when he is estimating the annual expenditure. If the manager under estimates the amount of funds needed, then the organization’s projects may fail. If he over estimates, he will be considered unethical. It might be that by over estimating, the organization will always have the funds needed. In circumstances like this, bei ng brutally honest might be wrong for the organization. Situations like this, usually poses great ethical dilemma to non profit organizations (White, 2010). Non-profit organizations are required to reveal their dealings to the public since they use publically raised money. Disclosure regulations are meant to protect donors by convincing them that their money is well spent. Financial disclosure is the one that attracts a lot of interest from the public (Phelan Desiderio, 2007). Non-profit organizations are required by the IRS to provide full disclosure of their finances. They display all their financial expenditure in their websites so that everyone can see. Voluntary disclosure law allows the public to know about all the voluntary services being offered. It enables the public to know which services have been provided on voluntary basis and which have been paid for. Disclosure of the project plan and implementation helps the public to be aware of the exact operations of the organiza tion. This way, the donors have the opportunity to monitor the organization and find out how efficient it is (Svara, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These disclosure laws have in many ways helped in monitoring the individuals in the organization, especially morally. The great transparency present in the organization leaves no room for emergence of scandals. These laws also make it easier for the donors to trust the managers of these organizations, since the laws allow the involvement of the donors in the operations to some extent. When the managers are aware that they are under the public scrutiny, they are bound to produce impressive results at the end of the year. Disclosure laws have improved the operations of non-profit organizations, and have made them serve the public more efficiently (Silverman, 2008). References Phelan, M. E., Desiderio, R. J. (2007). Non-Profit Organizat ions Law and Policy, (American Casebook Series) (American Casebooks). Seattle: West Group. Silverman, M. G. (2008). Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Non-Profit Organizations . New York: McGraw-Hill. Solnik, C. (2002 , February 1 ). Not-for-profits by the numbers. Web. Svara, J. H. (2006). The Ethics Primer for Public Administrators in Government and Nonprofit Organizations . Chicago: Jones Bartlett Learning. White, D. (2010). The Nonprofit Challenge: Integrating Ethics into the Purpose and Promise of Our Nation’s Charities. New Jersy: Palgrave Macmillan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations was written and submitted by user Leanna Spears to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social Formations Essay Sample

Social Formations Essay Sample Social Formations Essay Sample Social Formations Essay Sample According to Livingstone, publics and audiences should be regarded in opposition to let one observe their significance and distinctiveness. Although the main remarkable feature of publics in contrast to audiences is their orientation on something shared and collective, the scholars and particularly Livingstone define at least seven more binary differences. This paper will focus on three, including public versus private, visible versus hidden, rational versus emotional in order to follow the abilities of the civic culture to break these binary. To begin with, it is important to emphasize that regardless all the differences and oppositions between publics and audiences, they still belong to the same reality and intertwine from time to time. As a result, a modern society observes more examples of how such binaries are broken. In order to explain the collapse of the publics into audiences and visa versa, Livingstone offers the concept of â€Å"civic culture† as something generally referred to as a non-political, but is becoming actualized when particular political issues occur (32). It is based on the democratic views, and relates a wider public and audiences through more rational public views. It also deprives the possible problems of being regarded on a global level linking them to the local territories and making more personal. Moreover, it can relate formal theoretical issues to cultural experiences adding the biased and emotional attitudes instead of the disinterested and rational ones. Consequently, civic culture becomes a mediator between the two spheres that become urgent when the matters that are of public concern are discussed. With regard to the media actions, one can agree that it can sometimes support the public rules and understanding, but also often undermines it. In the book On the Relation between Audiences and Publics, Livingstone pointed out how media could remodel the thoughtful and influential public into the crowd or mass consumers (18). Among the examples are politics that are transformed into political marketing, the news into talk shows or journalism into personal opinions with blogs. All these transformations are predetermined by the civic culture. In order to follow how private becomes public, visible becomes hidden, rational becomes emotional under such impacts, one should pay attention to the following examples. If to pay attention to the modern teenagers, social interaction has become crucial for their behavior on the individual and general level (Boyd). The distribution of information online, the confidentiality settings and possibilities of its violation have broken the notions of private and public considerably. The same changes have also blurred the other lines that made the older generation get confused and not always be able to transit smoothly to the new norms dictated by the global technological development (Boyd). In such a way, while the rational view emphasized the necessity of the technological improvements, the majority of the older population tried to avoid new devices due to the emotional inability to accept serious changes. The emotional rationalization characterizes such case and leads to the idea that the mediators are necessary in order to educate older generations and let people fight their anxiety, get integrated with new global norms and stick to the shared demands instead of the individual fears. For example, governments’ concealment of some facts that should be widely visible demonstrates the break of the hidden-visible binary. Moreover, the Internet spread and social networks have become a good way to keep secretly the information about the population. Additionally, the electronic data recording has become a good way to search the information that should have been hidden or private, but can easily be hacked. Hence, secret disclosure of the data as well as secret work of the FBI is a good evidence of how the binary is broken due to the civic culture influence. Primarily, the preceding behaviors of the wider public common interests have a crucial impact on publics’ and audiences’ characteristics interconnection. In such a way, media and its development by means of the informational technologies ruins the binaries that shall exist between publics and audiences. Primarily, the change of forms of communications becomes the means that predetermines the shift of private and shared. Additionally, fears and changes can control publics to accept emotional instead of rational. Finally, the policies of the government and work of such services as FBI can make the hidden and the visible become mixed. All of the examples emphasize the great role of the civic culture in such transitions. Copyright is the expression of the uniqueness and creativity. Music is and has always been a cultural creation. However, the laws on intellectual property and particularly music appeared to be quite blurred and based not solely on the uniqueness of themes, styles or lyrics, but also on the color of the author’s skin. This essay focuses on the example of â€Å"Mixtape. Inc† and will analyze the creative value and infinite number of possibilities that make the creations completely different from one another. The notion of copyright is quite complicated due to the existence of the ideas, their derivatives, improvements or repetitions. Moreover, it cannot actually deal with someone’s ideas, but can only let one judge upon the expression. Referring to the same culture, one can definitely follow that the musical styles of the generations can change, but they often borrow some techniques from the previous ones. As a result, sometimes the entire musical heritage of the nation can be defined as the â€Å"traditional collective creative work† (Boyle 129). However, such unification of the musical tradition is not corresponding to the copyright law that rejects common usage of the same motives or ideas. Even though inspiration can be tightly interconnected with the creation of someone else, it is illegal to use a sufficient or considerable part of the similar motives or words in a new work. Ultimately, the freedom of artists is considerably restricted and very likely suppresses a gre at number of the new musical creations that can become hits. The copyright law actually protects intellectual property. However, it has a number of drawbacks. As for African American musicians, the laws restricting such borrowing of the ideas throughout generations will completely ruin the traditional views on musical performances that have never been associated with individuals as separated creative works. Boyle pointed out that the imitations that exist nowadays would hardly let such genres of the African American music as jazz, RB, blues, gospels or other exist (130). Subsequently, the deep and strong connection between the musical styles throughout centuries could have become a real problem for the African American music. Boyle represented a number of examples to see the close interconnection between the works of different musicians. Mainly, the example of Nat King Cole influence on Ray Charles, soul music and blues have become crucial evidence of the musical generations’ interconnection. Ray Charles also may have taken the motives from Will Thompson or Clara Ward. At the same time, the repeating ideas and expressions were found in Kanye West’s â€Å"Gold Diggers† and Charles’ â€Å"I Got a Woman† and Jamie Fox’s chorus. Similarly, Legendary K. O. represented the borrowings from Kanye West (Boyle 153). In such a way, one can even follow some specific creative chain passing the ideas and their expressions from one song to another. An interesting example of how the intellectual property issues have become disputable in the modern world can be found in the documentary â€Å"Mixtape, Inc.† This example can be even considered as the continuation of the long above-mentioned chain of the African American historical musical interconnections. Some people state the â€Å"Mixtape, Inc.† offers illegal music to people. The underlying reason for that is that the documentary shows the mixture of rap and hip-hop music that have come out. However, the usage of the musical compositions created by Xzibit, G-Unit, Kanye West, Walter Bell was illegal and of considerable sizes. At the same time, some other artists, including movie creators, state that people have a full right to use and refer to the music of their idols. Moreover, the music of the above-mentioned artists has already become a national heritage. Furthermore, the overall context in which this music is placed can be defined as a completely new creation incorporating only some elements from other authors. Finally, the names of the artists were clearly stated, thus, no attempts to steal or arrogate someone else’s ideas were made, and to prove that musical ideas as well as genres originated from one another. According to Boyle’s reflections, the problems of the copyright rules mostly lay in the aggressiveness of the copyright holders and ambiguous definition of what exactly is a considerable part of someone’s oeuvre to borrow. At the same time, he proves that intergenerational connection between cultural achievements exists and it cannot exclude the musical achievements as well as the cultural ones. Music genres develop out of other genres, therefore, copyright law demands needs improvements that will be aware that creation is nothing else than re-creation and imitation (Boyle 156). Consequently, with the existing technologies, the main solution is to make those, who use the music of others to gain profit and those, who borrow it for personal usage, be able to use it for free. In general, such decision is likely to be the most justified. To sum it up, the creative value of the oeuvres is a disputable issue as it is almost impossible to prove that the same ideas can never repeat. The chain offered by Boyle is a great example of how the genres are interrelated and originate from one another. Mainly such samples prove the inappropriateness of the copyright law that obviously demands revision. Andrew Ross pointed out different approaches to activism and emphasized their importance for both labor and consumer groups. Primarily, based on the anti-consumer and anti-sweatshop movements, the author emphasizes on the abuse of laborers and advocacies of rights. This analysis is quite effective to show the failures of the 21st century’s society and its system. With regard to anti-consumer and anti-sweatshop movements, it is necessary to pay attention to the moral and ethical aspects that cause the dissatisfaction of the masses and further growth of the opposition against the rules of the social system. This paper aims to analyze how the differences between two movements predetermine their unconscious cooperation that left a deep imprint on the public consciousness. The priorities of anti-consumer activists were set up against the consumer society due to a number of reasons. Among such, the representatives of the movements supported the ideas that ethics and morality are essential, but represent the society as dysfunctional. The statistics show that on the global level, the amount of goods consumed is too high and continues to grow. However, the activists proved that not solely the material reward should matter in this world. As the anti-sweatshop movements are focused on the demonstration of the suppliers’ working conditions, one can conclude that the system of their work let them search deeper for the causes of injustice instead of looking on the surface. Such approach should be the first lesson for the anti-consumer movement leaders and for all citizens. The second one is the courage to rise against the most powerful corporations with no doubts prove that the standards do not differ with the power growth (Ross 110). Instead, authority and power provides higher level of responsibility, not permissiveness. Moreover, the anti-sweatshop movements provide the key lessons regarding global organization under the presence of insurmountable obstacles. The choice of the key locations has a stronger influence on the employers. The idea of the fair labor for everyone was a basis for the sweatshop movement. In 1990s, the anti-sweetshop movements were focused on the opposition to the world brands’ policies (Ross 109). â€Å"Looking behind the label† became not only the tactic of the anti-sweatshop activists, but one of the norms that was accepted by societies (Ross 109). In Teamsters, Turtles and Tainted Toys, Ross (111) defined the goal of this campaign to lay the groundwork for the further global sweatshop eradication. Therefore, the level of the planned actions was considerable and not limited solely by the ideas to implement changes on the local level. While the movements obviously have some features that unify them, one should consider a useful lesson provided by the anti-consumer movement. Its idea, which is applicable in all spheres, is the key importance of the common sense and proportion in everything. Moreover, the anti-consumer movements also supported the anti-sweatshop. According t o their views, the problems of high consumption levels and long working hours are closely interconnected and mutually exclusive. The documentary â€Å"No Logo, Brands, Globalization, Resistance† can prove the appropriateness of the above-mentioned aspects and define main common backgrounds for the movements. The fast world globalization makes economies interdependent and demands governments and business leaders to pay particular attention to the possible negative results not only for the native country, but also for all other that are concerned. The environmental, cultural and political issues often go beyond the boundaries of some definite group and reflect on the living conditions of the entire world. The corporate globalization is the notion used to support this idea. In â€Å"No Logos†, the idea of the search from the underlying key reasons is also revealed as the journalist searches for the growing profits of the great corporations looking behind the labels on the life and working conditions in the developing countries. The same idea is supported in the documentary â€Å"Stop the TPP and C orporate Globalization†. However, this documentary is focused primarily on NAFTA to emphasize one of the sources of the world globalization. Concentrating mainly on the negative consequences of the issue, the speakers pointed out the human rights’ violations and public debates’ necessity. At the same time, it proves that the anti-globalization movements are still common and widely spread due to the imperfections of the system. As a conclusion, one can see how the anti-sweatshop and anti-consumer movements have attracted people’s attention to the urgent problem of globalization and responsibility it carries. The imperfect consumer social system became the basic reason of the activists’ dissatisfaction and made the labor movements cooperate unconsciously and have a number of encountering points.

Betterment Of The US Healthcare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Betterment Of The US Healthcare System - Essay Example To this ending, this report will spotlight on studying the upgrading in health systems of America by itself, but will not abandon the prospect to learn from others, in particular those middle and low-income countries executing interesting and pioneering developments. Particular concerns like equity/inequity at home, national and international stages, and the present and threatening effects of globalization will as well be put into perspective with admiration to the persistent growth of health service delivery systems in America. The overpowering preponderance of hospitals in this country started on as humanitarian social institutions with the task of serving the health care requirements of their communities. Not-for-profit hospitals comprise 86 percent of the hospice in America. Present changes in American health care, counting expansion in privately financed and conveyed care, hospital reformation, and fresh sources of capital financing for hospitals have rehabilitated attention in planned planning techniques more frequent in US healthcare institutions. A quantity of tactical planning tools for example balanced scorecards and incorporation are used in America, but there is modest understanding of the antagonism and collaboration that inspired their uptake in other countries and how these perceptions influence institutions within the American health care system. The governmental umbrella of US Healthcare Systems also comprises dedicated services. The Health Services' sector takes health care to the customer, focusing on wellness and avoidance and providing that a mechanism for certainly impacting the health of the society. Community Health Services declares itself into the community's health worries through wellness agendas for businesses and individuals, health screenings, health fairs, school programs, community-wide programs, support groups and plentiful other activities. Introduction of Electronic Health Records In US Healthcare system The healthcare industry is making major pace toward the acceptance of electronic health records (EHRs). Though, augmented deployment of EHR technology only partly addresses the critical requirement for better health information in the U.S. The complete advantages of an EHR can merely be comprehended if US get better the excellence of data that EHRs are planned to administer. Specific Gains The U.S. healthcare system is the only expanded country that has not accepted latest EHR technology. Distinguished cost is a major factor. Not only does EHR technology influence our investment in EHR and modern technologies, but it as well will offer the U.S. healthcare system: Improved data for patient security, quality of care examination and paybacks; Increased capability to distinguish and react to public health or biological dangers; The capability to attain co,pletel advantage from the use of latest EHR techno

Mona Golabek in The Pianist of Willesden Lane Essay

Mona Golabek in The Pianist of Willesden Lane - Essay Example Berkeley Rep offers an advisory about any stage effect of potential concern to patrons’ health. This show has none. We don’t offer advisories about subject matter, as sensitivities vary from person to person. If you have any concerns about content, please contact the box office. Mona Golabek doesn't just tell a great story. Seated at a concert grand, she accompanies her tale with music that infuses, illustrates, amplifies and elevates "The Pianist of Willesden Lane" to make the personal universal and another generation so personal that you can't help but feel your heart swell in response. Great music can do that. Skillfully blended with an affecting tale, it can do even more. If there was a dry eye in the house at Wednesday's Berkeley Repertory Theatre opening, my own were too filled with tears to see it.Each piece of music tells a story, Golabek's mother told her. She learned her mother's story along with keyboard technique in her piano lessons. Director Hershey Felder , who adapted Golabek's book for stage - and whose Eighty-Eight Entertainment is a co-producer - builds on that connection to shape the play and intensify particular scenes. Then he adds well-selected visuals to the sensory package.  package. From the beginning, Jura's dream is to make her concert debut with Grieg's Piano Concerto in A Minor. Felder, best-known for his popular solo shows about composers (he performed "George Gershwin Alone" at the Rep last summer), uses the concerto to frame "Pianist" from beginning to  end (Cohen and Mona, 45-49). The first movement - brilliantly, probingly performed by Golabek - sets up the fraught conditions in 1938 Vienna. The second intensifies the dramatic perils of the Blitz. The third brings the piece to its passionate  resolution. In between, Golabek's beautifully rendered pieces by Beethoven, Debussy and Chopin enhance the families and Vienna's Jews worsening fortunes - as told by Golabek as the young Jura - and her escape through th e Kindertransport program. Felder heightens the impact with archival photos and newsreel footage, projected in the large, antique gilt picture frames hanging about the midnight blue  stage. Golabek doesn't convey the comfort of an actor, but she grows more assured and riveting as she traces Jura's life in London, assuming the voices of the

ETHICS (Response to a Case Study Dilemma in an Information & Essay

ETHICS (Response to a Case Study Dilemma in an Information & Technology Organisation) - Essay Example And as, organizations requires order, and as, every organization faces its own ethical problems, having a well-defined code of ethics is more than important to safeguard the organization against unethical practices detrimental to the organization’s reputation and services (Heermance 1). This is so because code of ethics set the tone for the expected company’s behavior as, â€Å"it outlines uniform policies, standards and punishments for violations† (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor 45), thereby guiding organizations in dealing with and judging â€Å"situations not specifically covered in written instructions† (Canton 13). These make code of ethics more than important to the organization as it ensures order in and secures the organization. In business, not all gifts are pleasant and safe to receive as, these can be sources of ethical issues, specifically conflict of interest – â€Å"occurs when a person’s or organization’s obligation to act in the interest of another is interested with by a competing interest that may obstruct the fulfillment of that obligation† (Crane & Matten 366) as illustrated in the case under review. Here, the stakeholders – the owner of a small printing business unexpectedly received a parcel containing 12 bottles of expensive scotch whisky in the mail from the manager of the business’s biggest contract delivery company, two weeks before New Year, yet a few weeks before the expiration of their contract. First, although gift giving is generally an act of goodwill, it is also a bribe. In this case, factors drawing the line between goodwill and bribe such as the relationship of the giver to the receiver, the timing, the costs, and the manner of delivery, i ndicate that the gift is meant to gain (Roa 106) the owner’s choice of Delivery Company in favor of the gift-giver as against other applicants. In this light, acceptance of this gift

Different types of assessment in the education system

Different types of assessment in the education system Formal assessments are given in a formal environment and are distributed by testing companies that provide statistical data related to large reference groups. Informal assessments are what teachers do on a daily basis throughout their classrooms to measure the amount of material the students comprehend. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the formal and informal assessment techniques used for measuring student progress in the schools educational system. The first formal assessment examined was the standardized achievement test. Test of this type provides a level of achievement with a specific reference group. Achievement test measure the schools in broad state mandated goals; there are several advantages and disadvantages to formal assessments such as achievement test (Miller, Linn, Gronlund, 2009). Advantages in giving achievement test vary from students, parents and school administration. First, students learn when a demand of certain learning proficiency is expected of them. If there is no standard to set students goals of achievement; there will be no expectations and student success will be absent. Parents, communities and the school will be able to identify the students knowledge by comparing their students to other schools in specific reference groups. Educational systems are able to measure and set goals to work more efficiently and increase productivity to achieve national, state and regional standards. A second advantage is that achievement tests can highlight gaps and show areas in which improvements need to be made. Many times it may show the need for student improvement, but often it shows a need for continued teacher education, improvement in teaching practices and the allotment of monies to be spent on resources for the classrooms. A disadvantage in achievement testing could produce careless performance of standards and have a negative impact on students. First disadvantage is that standards are vague and uncertain in subject areas. Difficulties occur when standards are not concrete pertaining to what knowledge the students should have at that level. A second disadvantage to achievement testing is the standards that are imposed by federal and state. Those standards can create problems by forcing content related specifications without considering the different needs, opportunities to learn and skills that may be appropriate for specific districts or states. Another type of formal assessment examined was the aptitude test. As in the achievement test, the aptitude test provides qualities of good assessment such as: reliability, standardization, validity and practicality. The primary purpose of the aptitude test is to assess students general capability to learn. This test is supposed to help predict their general academic success. All standardized test have their advantages and disadvantages. An advantage of the aptitude test is the practicality. The standardized aptitude test takes less time to assess the students than informal testing procedures. They are easily administered by giving explicit directions to each student in the same manner. Machines to the grading and computers track the levels of achievement to different reference groups. A second advantage to aptitude test is objectivity. A standardized aptitude test does not have emotion or biases. It is completely objective in assessing the students achievement gains. High expectations are set for the students in objectively by specific reference groups and it holds them accountable to the standards in the effort to high achievement gains. A disadvantage in an aptitude test is the amount of pressure placed on the curriculum being taught in the classroom. This affects how the teachers teach their student and how much meaningful learning actually takes place in the classroom. It is a misconception that what is taught in a classroom and what the students are tested on is one in the same. Most often what the students are tested on do not always match up to the instructional content and objectives of the classroom curriculum (Ormrod, 2003). A second disadvantage to aptitude testing is the negative impact it holds over the students, teachers and school. School systems hold their school accountable when test scores do not continually improve. This places pressure on the teachers to get students to raise their scores. However, this can lead to dishonesty on the part of the teachers and principals. They exclude students who may have special needs or other considerations. With the pressure to improve constantly, the right thing to do becomes clouded. Teachers may feel the need to cheat to keep from having low performance scores in their classrooms to maintain their job. Informal assessment is conducted daily in the classroom setting. It is used by the teachers as a form of evaluation to determine the students level of comprehension. This type of evaluation will allow for immediate assessment for the teacher to review during instruction to the student. Informal assessment may consist of assigned homework, group cooperation activities, one on one interview with student and teacher created checklists. The first type of informal testing is homework. A teacher assigns homework to be completed at the end of formal instruction or to be completed outside the classroom. Advantages to using this type of assessment is that it allows the students to take their time to get the assigned work completed before due date. This can alleviate stress for the student who is a slower worker. Another advantage to using homework as an assessment is that it is easy for the teacher to grade. The teacher may wish to allow the students to grade their own papers. The rationale behind this process it that the students will see the errors they made, corrections will be given by the teacher and a clearer understanding of the mistakes will provide the student with a new perception. A disadvantage to using homework as an assessment is the fact that students can cheat. They may not do their own work; this would not provide a clear depiction of the students performance. Another disadvantage is the student has use of their notes, books, and other resources to help recall the information. Therefore, an accurate measure of student comprehension cannot be achieved. A second informal assessment is group cooperation activities. Assessments of this type allow the teacher to observe the students and see the students use what they have learned from the formal instruction. The first advantage to group learning is that it allows the student to engage and learn from their peers. Things are discussed and thought out by each member of the group to arrive at the final answer. The second advantage is that the teacher can observe the students and make decision concerning the review of particular items that may be unclear and need to be explained further. The teacher can adjust her lesson plans to meet those needs immediately. A disadvantage to group cooperation activities is that if not monitored closely the students may see this time as free time or busy time. Teachers cannot expect the students to break off into groups and stay on task if not monitored. The students need to know the teacher is coming to their group to check on the task at hand. They have to know they will be held accountable to their part of the group work. This brings up the second disadvantage. Group cooperation activities cannot be used for teacher preparation time. The teacher who uses this time to grade papers for another class or simply take a break will bring chaos to the classroom. A group cooperation activity is a process thought out and organized by the teacher to create a powerful explorative learning tool which has to be monitored to make student assessments. The third type of informal assessment is a one on one interview with a student. This allows the teacher to assess the students level of knowledge and understanding over the content of the course. An advantage of the interview is that it allows the student to explain to the teacher what he or she does not fully understand. This helps the teacher to adjust the instruction to help that particular student. Another advantage is that it can assist in parent teacher conversation over their students progress. It allows the teacher to give suggestions for additional help at home. A disadvantage to a one on one interview can be that it is time consuming. It requires that a teacher schedule a private meeting with each individual student. Another disadvantage is that the one on one interview does not provide a clear concept of the students knowledge. The student may not be able to express or communicate the content they are having difficulty understanding. And the final informal assessment is a checklist. It is created by the teacher to contain certain qualities, information, or skills and knowledge that they want to see exhibited by the students after a unit has been completed. The first advantage is that it does not take a lot of time and can be completed over a period of time when the teacher sees a display or lack thereof from the student. Another advantage is that the checklist is made by each individual teacher and he or she can cater it to the skills and knowledge they want the students to achieve from the unit based on the amount of material covered. A disadvantage to a checklist is that it does not inform the teacher where additional instruction is needed. It cannot determine the knowledge and skills that students are meant to learn throughout the course. Another disadvantage is that while the short term goals for student assessment are being met, long term goals and objectives are missing from the information on the checklist. Most schools and teachers use a variety of assessments to test the students knowledge and comprehension of subjects. It is important that the teacher uses multiple methods of evaluation to assess the content being covered in the course so that we can better provide for the educational needs of the students. Students differ in their abilities to test just as we differ in our ability to test the knowledge taught. The more often we assess the students and make adjustment to our teaching the more successful the student will be. The students future will be successful and the teachers will have validation for their teaching skills.

Good Times :: Media Television Shows Papers

Good Times Originally aired on CBS in 1974 as a spinoff of the sitcom Maude, Good Times was a Black situation comedy based on the everyday lives of a Black Chicago family during the height of the civil rights movement (Deane, 2004). The cast starred Esther Rolles as the mother Florida Evans who first appeared as the maid in the television show Maude, John Amos as the father James Evans who starred in the hit miniseries Roots, comedian Jimmie Walker who played the oldest son James Evans Jr. (JJ), Ja'net DuBois as neighbor and friend of the Evans family Willona Woods, Ralph Carter who played the youngest son Michael Evans, and Anderson Bern Nadette Stanis as daughter Thelma Evans (Deane, 2004). Good Times took place in the assimilated hybrid minstrelsy genre of Black sitcoms which means that it often had offensive stereotypical aspects present such as mammy and sambo characters, but these characteristics took place in a traditional white sitcom setting and often had references to the Black civil rights movement that was taking place at the time. Originally created to show African Americans in a different more positive light, it gained popularity with Black and White audiences quickly and rated number seventeen for the 1973-1974 seasons (Ingram, 2004). As the show proceeded however, it began to drift away from its original purpose as the character JJ's popularity began to grow. Often criticized for his similarities to buffoonish minstrel characters in early television history, JJ was seen as doing a disservice to the show causing Esther Rolles and John Amos to leave. Attempting to continue the show and regain ratings, the show's producers centered episodes around the hijinks of JJ, but alas the show's ratings continued to fall and the show was cancelled. This brings us to the question at hand. Was Good Times a show that portrayed Blacks in a positive manner to the American public, or was it more of the nail in the coffin to the positive identity of Black America? Positive Aspects Good Times was an interesting 1970's television comedy series that explored the life of a poor black family. This family was simply trying to get by and have a good life in the projects of Chicago. The Evans family was a family that faced real problems on the show and encountered many different situations which they had to overcome. When the show was debuted on February 1, 1974, the series starred John Amos and Esther Rolle as James and Maude (the parents) (Ingram).

Look at the section from Charley’s entrance to exit

The scene featuring Willy, Charley and Willy's fictional vision of his brother Ben. This scene provides and excellent insight into the main body of the plays ideas and provides a debatable level of dramatic effectiveness which I intend to examine. It particularly provides an insight into the ideas of the romanticised, American, capitalist society within the play, Willies belief in ‘being liked' and his need to take self-esteem from others being the key part of his value system and his self-denial, pride and lying. I feel the scene conveys Willies self-denial and his fatally woven web of lies well as it highlights how this contributed to his insanity. His pride keeps him from accepting help from Charley when he even confesses ‘I got nothin' to give him, Charley, I'm clean. ‘ This is after Charley offers him a job and Willie tells him ‘I got a good job. ‘ He denies help for his family who he clearly loves so much because of his pride. He later contradicts himself when talking to his projection of Ben, his brother. As his brother is portrayed in Willies imagination as somebody of great similarity but also success, varying from Willie. Willie tells him a different story, desperately seeking self-esteem from Ben's approval. This self-denial has left Willie confused as a person and lead to his insanity. He tells Ben ‘business is bad. It's murderous, but not for me. ‘ He lies; telling Ben this as he feels it will make him believe it if Ben, a man very much the archetype Willie always dreamed of aspiring to, does too. This is very dramatically effective to both an audience and a reader as it shows Willies fallibilities in close up over a short space of time and almost amplifies to them to the extent where they are un-avoidable. The character of Ben, however may not be quite as effective when reading the play as Miller does not quite make it clear that Ben is actually a dream created by Willie immediately like the other younger characters, leading to confusion initially when Charley does understand who Willie is talking to. This may have been done on purpose to give the reader a feeling of confusion that mirrors that of Willies, causing them to be more immersed in the play. On stage the characters would be much more easily distinguished by use of lighting, positioning and costume in order to determine their origins. Another incidence where Willies self-denial rotting the core of this dysfunctional family is were his flashback is extended to include young Biff and Happy and younger Linda. Young Bernard rushes in to interrupt Willies love-in with Ben and Linda to tell him ‘The watchman's chasing Biff' and he has been stealing again. Willies initial anger and self-denial of ‘Shut up! He's not stealing anything! ‘ Willy denies to himself the fact that Biff has been stealing, as he loves Biff too much. He gets over this after convincing himself it's Biff being done wrong and tells Ben he has ‘nerves of iron. ‘ This shows how, instead of punishing Biff he has dodged it and consequently done what he sought to avoid by putting aside these events; failing as a father, something against what he values. This would be very dramatically effective as it gives a moment of tension and the pace would be fast. This would be a climax to an ‘episode' of the play as it is episodic. It also illustrates Ben's fallibility as well as Willies as they both agree on this as the right course of action whereas Charlie illustrates a more down-to-earth view. This scene also displays Willies faith in the ideas of the romanticised, American, capitalist society and how they are conveyed in the scene as a whole. Ben is the man of the American dream in many ways, he is a man who is a self-made success and represents the prosperous capitalist. Miller describes him as ‘utterly certain of his destiny' and he has ‘an aura of far places about him. ‘ Making him seem superior to the other characters, clearly confused and uncertain, particularly Biff and Happy. The idea that Ben was a ‘young man with a faulty view of geography' who went and came back rich goes very much along the lines of the idea that anybody can make their fortune in American society. Ben arrogantly preaches this capitalist idea towards his exit where he tells Willy ‘When I walked into the jungle I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And, by God I was rich! ‘ This shows the audience and the reader the potential success of capitalism but will install doubts in not only Ben but also the idea itself. Firstly, Willies dishonesty will lead you to believe his projection of Ben and his success is greatly exaggerated as he makes him so much like himself. The audience and reader will have also seen Willy, who provides a stark comparison of somebody following the same dream but ending up failing. This section also shows how Willies main principles are those in ‘being liked' and his need to take self-esteem from others being the key part of his value system. Ben is largely the character Willy is trying to impress throughout the scene. As I have mentioned previously, Willy and Ben bare many resemblances as they have similar value systems. For example, ‘being liked' is clearly one of them. Also both seem to share a keen belief in perspiration over inspiration. If a man works hard then he can do no more. Willy tries to impress Ben with his son's physical attributes, mainly Biff. Who he dubs a ‘Great athlete. ‘ He compares them to Bernard and Charley and reveals his opinions on perspiration when he talks about them inferiorly as ‘they can't hammer a nail! ‘ This shows the audience about Willy's beliefs and again exposes his failure to raise Biff and Happy on his ideas because of his denial and lies. This also shows Willies old-fashioned ways and opinions and how he is set in his ways. This entire scene is used predominantly as a chance to examine Willy and his ideas and principles in detail. Charley and Ben are used as examples of what Willy admires and aspires to and want to avoid and deter from. Ben in many ways represents the man Willy wanted to be, the successful citizen of a capitalist society, achieved through good honest hard work and belief in the American dream. Charley represents the alternatives to this, which Willy has strived to avoid being and has done, at a cost. He is now stuck living a false life where even he has forgotten what is real and true, leading to his insanity. This scene is very dramtically effective in displaying that and how it has effected the family as a whole.

Nominal versus Real Gross Domestic Product

Nominal versus Real Gross Domestic Product The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can be defined as the value of all goods and services that a country can produce in a period of one year. Nominal gross domestic product is basically the use of current prices to value the goods and services of country in a specific year. Real gross domestic product just like nominal GDP, is the valuation of a country’s output in terms of the goods and services produced by the citizens in a particular year (Griffiths Wall, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nominal versus Real Gross Domestic Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The only difference is that, this measure utilises the prices of a particular past year normally referred to as the base year. It should be noted that the main difference between real gross domestic product and nominal domestic product is that when calculating real GDP, the prices of goods and services are adjusted for inflation while in the cal culation of nominal GDP, this is not done. According to Griffiths Wall (2011) â€Å"Real gross domestic product is basically the use of current prices to measure the value of the goods and services that a specific country produces in a particular year while the nominal gross domestic product uses current market prices to measure the value of the same goods and services†. It is important to note that economists consider real GDP as the better measure between the two. Another definition that has been used to differentiate between the two is the definition of nominal GDP as a country’s national output. A country’s national output has been defined by various economists as the product of the price and quantity of the goods and services that its citizens produce in a particular year. In order to arrive at the Real GDP, the nominal GDP is normally divided by the rate of inflation in the country. Inflation has been defined as â€Å"the general increase in the prices o f goods and services† (O Sullivan Steven). It is important to note that the reason why the value is adjusted for inflation is due to the fact that in case of a price increase in a subsequent year, nominal GDP would not give the true value if the adjustment is not made as it would be larger than it should actually be. It is important to note that when the nominal gross domestic product is manipulated by the price index, real gross domestic product is arrived at. Another important issue to note is that it is not possible to make a comparison between the nominal gross domestic product and the gross domestic product rates recorded in previous years or decades. It should be noted that any increase in the rate of inflation leads to a corresponding increase in nominal gross domestic product. Real gross domestic product is therefore used to assess the overall production of goods and services in a particular country. Nominal gross domestic product on the other hand is used to present the raw data regarding the production of goods and services in a particular year and disregards the relative value of the currency in terms of what exactly the currency can buy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Griffiths, A Wall, S. (2011).Economic for Business and Management, Third edition, Harlow Pearson Education Limited O Sullivan, A. Steven M. S. (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall

Compare Contrst Greek And Roman Women Essays - Ancient Rome

Compare Contrst Greek And Roman Women Essays - Ancient Rome Compare Contrst Greek And Roman Women 21 September 2000 A Comparison Between Greek and Roman Families Through research I have concluded that there are differences and similarities in Greek and Roman families. I hope to prove this fact in the following essay. The Greek family was mostly a nuclear family. It usually consisted of a husband, wife, and their children. The family was considered part of an economic unit. Their primary function in life was to make new citizens. The male of the household was the only person to take part in a social life. Most males thought they owned the polis, the town they lived. They controlled the government and everyone in it. Women were permitted to go to festivals or join religious cults, but they werent permitted to join in political events or be outside the household without an escort. There were exceptions to this if the family was too poor to have slaves to do the shopping. Women were allowed to own small personal items, but not Harper 2 property. Womens main purpose was to keep up the household and to have children. Women received no formal education but they may have a tutor when they were young. They were taught how to do the work expected of them when they were young. Women were also permitted to attend festivals of some kind or a funeral. They were also expected to make all the clothes, blankets and other cloth items. Women were usually married between the ages of 14 and 15. Womens lives were greatly eased if the family had slaves. Then the womens main duties were to watch the slaves to make sure they did the housework. The slaves jobs would include making clothes, farming, shopping and any other task that was needed that day. In Greek life there was a strong presentence of homosexuality. This relationship was usually between a young male and an older man. The older male supposedly taught the younger male about the Greek way of life. It is suggested that a common man did not practice in homosexuality. (Spielvogel, Jackson. 1999 pp.63-64) The Roman families had some similarities and some differences from the Greeks. The dominant male of the family was the paterfamilias he headed the Roman family and kept legal control of his wife and daughter. Unlike the Greeks this household included the paterfamilias, his wife, his sons, his sons wifes, and their children and slaves. The paterfamilias made sure that the religious ceremonies were followed correctly Harper 3 and he ruled over the family. If the paterfamilias died then the oldest male of the family took over. Then he was the legal guardian of the females. As in the Greek world men thought women were weak and should stay in the household, although some women were starting to become successful poets and artists. All fathers arranged their daughters weddings. When married a womens legal control went from her father to her husband. Women had to have legal control by a male until the first century. Then they were married with their fathers legal control. When most women were married the fathers were dead so the women obtained her personal legal control. They could decide what to do and they may own property to make this possible. This allowed for divorces to take place, but they werent introduced until the third century. Women were legally allowed to be married at age 12, but doctors documented that they advised against this act. Just like the Greek world most women were married between the ages of 14 and 15. Most upper class families provided formal education for their daughters rather than as seen in the Greek life. Some of the upper class families bought tutors for their daughters. Women in upper class families had much more freedom and control than others. They were usually not allowed to enter a post school career. (Spielvogel. Jackson 1999 pp. 96-98) Harper 4 In review, there are a few similarities between the Greek and Roman culture some are obvious and some deserve closer examination. 21 September 2000 A Comparison Between Greek and Roman Families Through research I have concluded that there are differences and similarities in Greek and Roman families. I hope to prove this fact

Integrating Business prespictive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrating Business prespictive - Essay Example To bridge this gap that exist between the job graduate job seekers and potential employers the app we have initiated will be crucial. With this program, graduates can connect with incredible companies that are potential employers. This program is specially designed for graduates to come in contact with employers, and it’s open to all graduates possessing a great attitude and wanting a new job. The program will offer unemployed graduates with an opportunity like no other. Through this program graduates develop job skills, earn training and make fruitful business and personal connections (Horie, 2004). The program is distinctive in the sense that it gets the graduates working. Through this project, graduates earn the much-needed experience in the job market. This project gives the perfect opportunity for the graduates to enter the workforce as well as earning some money. Besides, our program enlightens graduates on the wages that the various industries offered for diverse careers. With this program, graduates earn valuable work experiences, training to enhance once employability and job skills. It also grows their resume and connections with relevant organizations that could be helpful in the future. Since our main objective to solve the unemployment among the graduates, intend to reduce the number of unemployed graduates every year. The problem of labour market mismatch in supply and demand will be our main objective (Wasmer & Weil, 2000). The project starts the process of connecting graduates with the job market right at the various institution of higher learning. Finalists are the key targets of the projects as well as freshly graduated individuals. To ensure equality, a similar number of graduates are picked from various institutions of higher learning and absorbed into the program every year. The main source of revenue for this project is the subscription from various graduates

Policy and Issues in Public Health Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy and Issues in Public Health - Article Example This journey had witnessed an evolution, and government involvement in active policy making is attempting to harvest the fruit of current knowledge in this area. The most important paradigm shift has perhaps resulted from the increased emphasis on the role and contribution of individual behaviour and lifestyles to disease causation. Consequently, the public health programmes follow the policies and strategies to modify them at the community level, where both population and individual interventions are being increasingly practiced. Obviously, there would be sociopolitical critiques of such policies. Eventually, enhanced research leading to greater understanding of different factors on specific public health problems has revealed that socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors may influence health-related behaviour and thus may affect health status (Hunter, 2002). Public health policy relates to several areas of intervention. The health administration and planning processes must recognise these levels since resource allocation would depend on the gravity and level of the problem. Community health and health protection is an important level that deals with people in their social and environmental contexts. It is now known that people's health is determined by not only personal characteristics, biological and genetic endowments, but also environmental influences of physical nature. Some of these influences originate in the community and work through the influence on their behaviour and coping strategies. In the context of the current UK public health scenario, the government is demonstrative of its anxiety to fulfill its commitment to preventative health through different public health policy agenda. Hunter (2005) has indicated that public health and related policies are of central importance. One of the reasons for this growing interest in pub lic health and community intervention strategies is the new knowledge that many preventable chronic diseases, due to lack of definitive public health policies have assumed epidemic proportions. Moreover, these diseases once established would add up to the mounting costs in healthcare services. This led to the need of change of approach towards prevention of these diseases and health improvement of the population. Strong et al. (2005) stated that a low-budget preventive approach would balance the resource allocation in such a manner that the healthcare cost demands might be managed more effectively, and absence of preventative strategies would lead to demise of publicly funded health systems. Although it may appear from this statement that public health interventions and policy changes have brought about the desired changes, in reality there exists a widening gap between the need of chronic disease prevention measures and government responses of implementation. This indicates there a re needs of specific action plans and rigorous implementation measures against these problems (Strong et al. 2005). All these are indicative of the fact that during the second half of the twentieth